Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Occlusal
adjustment is commonly recommended for patients with periodontitis and
traumatic occlusion. The objective of this systematic review was to
analyze available evidence for the association between traumatic
occlusal forces and periodontitis.
METHODS:
Two focused
questions were proposed: What is the effect of traumatic occlusal forces
on periodontal parameters in patients with and without periodontitis?
And what is the effect of occlusal interventions on periodontal
parameters in patients with periodontitis? A systematic review of
clinical and observational studies was performed and presented in
narrative form.
RESULTS:
After title and abstract review a
total of 30 articles were retrieved and of these 14 full-text articles
were retrieved for analysis. Two RCTs, 1 cohort, 4 retrospective and 7
cross-sectional studies were included. Cross-sectional studies reported a
significant association between occlusal discrepancies and probing
depth and clinical attachment level. However, the magnitude of the
effect is negligible when groups with and without occlusal discrepancies
are compared. Intervention studies reported a minimal effect on probing
depth and clinical attachment level after occlusal adjustment in
patients with periodontitis as compared to teeth without occlusal
adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS:
Available human studies showed
that there is limited evidence that traumatic occlusion is associated
with periodontitis and to support the implementation of occlusal
adjustment to significantly improve the periodontal condition in
patients with periodontitis.
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