Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in smokers: a randomized clinical trial
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Abstract
Objectives
This
study aims to investigate the additional influence of multiple
applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in smokers
with chronic periodontitis.
Materials and methods
Twenty
smokers with chronic periodontitis were treated in a split-mouth design
study with aPDT adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) or SRP. aPDT
was performed by using a laser light source with 660 nm wavelength
associated with a photosensitizer. The applications were performed in
four episodes (at days 0, 2, 7, and 14). All patients were monitored for
90 days. Plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and
bleeding on probing were performed at baseline, 30, and 90 days after
the SRP. Gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque samples were
collected for immunological and microbiological analysis, respectively.
Data obtained were statistically analyzed.
Results
aPDT
as an adjunct to SRP did not demonstrate statistically significant
advantages on clinical parameters when compared with SRP alone. No
statistic significant differences between groups were observed (p < 0.05).
Levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial species were
comparable in both groups at day 90 after treatment.
Conclusion
Periodontal
treatment with SRP + aPDT in multiples episodes was not able to promote
additional clinical, immunological, and microbiological benefits in
smokers when compared SRP alone in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Clinical relevance
Multiple
episodes of aPDT adjunctive to non-surgical treatment did not improve
significantly the clinical, immunological, and microbiological
parameters when compared with SRP alone. More randomized clinical trials
are needed to evaluate adjuvant therapies for scaling and root planning
in smokers with chronic periodontitis. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03039244
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