Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of periodontitis.
BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN:
Systematic
review and meta-analysis of observational studies performed using the
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
guidelines.
METHOD:
PubMed and Scopus were searched for
eligible articles published in English from inception till November
2018. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.
Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were
calculated for the risk of periodontitis associated with highest versus
lowest/non-alcohol in a random effects meta-analysis model.
Heterogeneity and sensitivity were investigated in meta regression
analysis. A funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.
RESULTS:
Twenty-nine
observational studies were included. One study with two separate
datasets was considered as two separate studies for analysis. Alcohol
consumption was significantly associated with the presence of
periodontitis (OR = 1.26, 95% CI= 1.11-1.41). Significant heterogeneity
(I2=71%) was present in the overall analysis, primarily attributable to
sampling cross-sectional studies (I2=76.6%). A funnel plot and Egger
tests (p=0.0001) suggested the presence of publication bias.
CONCLUSION:
Alcohol
consumption was associated with increased occurrence of periodontitis
and should be considered as a parameter in periodontal risk assessment.
Publication bias should be explored in future studies.
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