Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate remineralization of primary teeth early enamel lesions
Reminerilizing toothpastes maybe better for kids then fluoride toothpaste? Interesting as I recommend these toothpastes strictly for high caries patients but maybe everyone could benefit? MJ
Available online 20 November 2013
Abstract
Early
childhood caries (ECC) is a serious problem that progresses rapidly and
often goes untreated. Current traumatic treatments may be replaced by
safe and effective remineralization at very early stages.
Objective
The aim of this in vitro
study was to evaluate the remineralization effects of casein
phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP) paste on enamel
lesions by assessing ultrastructure, nanomechanical properties, and
compound and elemental analysis.
Methods
Enamel
specimens from 6-year-old children were divided into groups: (1) native
enamel; (2) water as negative control; (3) 500 ppm NaF as positive
control; and (4–7) CPP–ACP paste for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h, as test groups.
Ultrastructure and roughness were observed by atomic force microscopy
(AFM); nanohardness and elastic modulus were measured by
nanoindentation; compound and crystal size of enamel surface patterns
were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). An electron microprobe
(EPMA) was used for element analysis. Data were analyzed using one-way
ANOVA.
Results
The CPP–ACP
paste repaired the microstructure of enamel, including prism and
interprism, through significantly increased hydroxyapatite crystal size
(12.06 ± 0.21 nm) and Ca/P molar ratios (1.637 ± 0.096) as compared with
NaF (8.56 ± 0.13 nm crystal size and 1.397 ± 0.086 Ca/P, p < 0.01).
Both CPP–ACP and NaF decrease roughness, and increase the nanohardness
and elastic modulus, with no significant differences between the
materials.
Conclusions
The
CPP–ACP paste is more suitable for children than NaF, due to advantages
for remineralization. The AFM, nanoindentation, EPMA, and XRD are very
helpful methods for further understanding of microscale and nanoscale
remineralization mechanisms.
Comments