Oral bacterial colonization on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments: 6-month follow-up
Abstract
Objective
This
investigation aimed to characterize in a 6-month follow-up the
microbial profile of implants restored with either titanium or zirconia
abutments at the genus or higher taxonomic levels.
Methods
Twenty
healthy individuals indicative for implant-retained single restorations
were investigated. Half of participants were restored with titanium and
half with zirconia abutments. Biofilm was collected from the
implant-related sites after 1, 3, and 6 months of loading. The 16S rDNA
genes were amplified and sequenced with Roche/454 platform.
Results
A
total of 596 species were identified in 360 samples and grouped in 18
phyla and 104 genera. Titanium- or zirconia-related sites as well as
teeth showed similar total numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs)
colonizing surfaces over time. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria
were the most prevalent phyla with significant differences between
different surfaces and time point. Unclassified genera were found in
lower levels (1.71% up to 9.57%) on titanium and zirconia samples when
compared with teeth, with no significant differences.
Conclusion
Titanium-
and zirconia-related surfaces are promptly colonized by a bacterial
community similar to those found in the remaining adjacent teeth.
Results suggest a selective adhesion of different bacterial genotypes
for either titanium or zirconia surfaces. Data also indicate a
significant interaction between the relative effects taxa, time point,
and sampling site.
Clinical relevance
The
present study disclosed a wider spectrum of microorganisms colonizing
either titanium- or zirconia-related microbiomes in very early stage of
implant colonization, revealing differences and suggesting a probably
specific mechanism for selective bacterial adhesion.
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