Paired transcriptional analysis of periodontitis and peri-implantitis within same host: A pilot study

 

Journal of Dentistry

Volume 151, December 2024, 105366

Abstract

Background

Peri-implantitis, a plaque-associated pathological condition, has been on the rise with the increasing prevalence of dental implants. Despite its similarities to periodontitis, peri‑implantitis is difficult to control completely and has high relapse rates. This has sparked interest in exploring the pathogenic differences between the two conditions.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 10 participants to concurrently examine periodontitis and peri‑implantitis within the same patients, thereby minimizing inter-individual variation. Gingival tissue samples were collected from each participant, comprising 10 periodontitis and 10 peri‑implantitis tissues, and RNAs were extracted. Using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we investigated complex gene interactions, immune responses, and the role of the extracellular matrix in both conditions. We identified hub genes in each enhanced Protein-Protein Interaction network, providing crucial insights into these diseases’ pathogenesis.

Results

Our findings highlighted the potential involvement of activated fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of peri‑implantitis, identifying three marker genes (ACTA2, FAP, and PDGFRβ) overexpressed in peri‑implantitis, thus highlighting their potential as disease-specific biomarkers.

Conclusions

Our study uncovered a novel connection between peri‑implantitis and activated fibroblasts, examining specific markers and microbial differences between periodontitis and peri‑implantitis. These insights improve our understanding of peri‑implantitis pathogenesis, encouraging future research for better management and prevention strategies.

Clinical Significance

This study identifies key insights into the pathogenesis of peri‑implantitis compared to periodontitis. These findings promise to advance clinical approaches for better managing and preventing peri‑implantitis, addressing its complexities and high relapse rates effectively.